
on the subject of budgeting that appears on their web site at http://www. internationalbudget.org/. We have borrowed some large elements from their site in our own presentation and we acknowledge their valuable contribution. We present our case for budgeting participation in Lebanon in the following sequence: 1) Definition – A definition of the Budget and the budgeting process 2) Why Budgeting? – A review of the principle objectives of the budgeting process and its merits and advantages 3) Who will budget? – A description of the persons and the organizations who should be involved in the budgeting process alongside the public authorities, and the reasons for inviting them in. 4) Monitoring – In Lebanon the monitoring process is sorely lacking throughout the entire public administration though it is an essential element for the ultimate success of the national budgeting project. 5) Follow up with Ministries – At all the stages of the budgeting process, Civil Society should maintain close contact with the different Ministries concerned with the collection and the disbursements of resources, not only the Ministry of Finance. 6) Follow up with Parliament –To obtain an optimum usage of public funds, Civil Society should work in close coordination with the elected representatives of the people, and particularly the parliamentary commissions concerned. 7) Budgeting and Planning – Can a Nation budget effectively without a National Plan? Definitions of budgeting The following definitions of budget and budgeting found in Wikipedia apply equally to persons, companies or nations. A budget is a financial document used to project future income and expenses. The budgeting process may be carried out by individuals or by companies to estimate whether the person/company can continue to operate with its projected income and expenses. |

| PARTICIPATIVE GOVERNANCE |
| 21. Introduction to budgeting? |